The Predatory Mindset and Sex Trafficking

Human/Sex Trafficking is the worse kind of Organized Crime which is the most ignored and deviant of crimes. Here is Jessica’s story eerily similar to a plethora of others.

Jessica – was a poor depressed young woman from rural Missouri living with her mother and alcoholic step-father. Jessica was 14 years of age. She had a 12-year old brother and a 19-year old step sister. Jessica had a couple of friends from her high school she saw from time to time but spent most of her time isolated in her room at home. Her father drank himself into a stupor every night and her mother was very meek. Her step father had a narcotic habit and was abusive towards her mother and ignored the kids.

She found solace on the Internet talking to random strangers where she shared her inner emotions. Social Media did this for as it does for millions of children and many adults. It’s an escape. Escape thus becomes the predominate word in criminal science and predatory behavior evolving from the culture of sociology.

Jessica was an innocent 14-year-old who never left the confines of a bigger city when her father died of cancer. She had dreams and imaginations as any other 14 year-old teenagers do. What she lacked was the strength and conviction to face the domestic torment and the inability to discern trust. She became withdrawn early on and was thirsting for attention and solace.

It was not hard enough for her to move to a new area and make such an adjustment. You have to adjust to the climate of new the new kids in school for Jessica who was withdrawn. When you hear a phrase like “peer pressure,” you might think about drugs and alcohol, sex, gossip and social media bullying. Teen girls face social pressure on all these topics, but they also pressure each other to do things their parents would approve of, such as doing well in school. Both types of social pressure can cause problems for teen girls.

Teenagers go through a developmental stage in which they do not yet feel confident enough in their own identities or values to go against their peer group. Acceptance by peers can be more important to a teenager than doing the right thing, the safe thing or even the thing the teenager actually wants to do. If peers are doing drugs or having sex, the teen is much more likely to do the same.

There are different peer groups. One focused on hand on getting good grades, steady boyfriends, good SAT scores and doing enough extracurricular activities to build a strong college application. These seemingly benign social pressures can sometimes be just as destructive.

If they feel they are not living up to their parents’ expectations of theirs, they will isolate like others with other unrelated issues.

One thing certainly they have in common and inherent in the human condition most of the time is the crave for attention. The popular girls or in crowd are always followed.

Once isolated, they enter the cycle. The cycle begins with the teen or child distancing themselves from others. Being a malcontent when the pressure of not living up to their parent or parents high standards. When the stares begin, the glaring of disapproval and when praise given to one and not the other. Children who deemed not highly educated are still very savvy but more importantly will always possess human emotions. Depending how extreme a situation may be and prolonged a period of isolation, depression and other factors go unchecked, ignored, overlooked or untreated, a child can become malevolent, wishing harm to others and often times acting on it.

What is an Internet or online predator?

What is an online predator? The standard online predator’s definition is; it is any person, male or female, using the Internet for the express purpose of targeting a minor to perform non-consent sex acts. They work through anonymity and manipulation. They use emotional vulnerability and the child’s needs to have their emotional point of view validated.

The predator mentality is always studying this behavior and is watching and more importantly stalking their next victim.

There are not many places in this world at first glance a child goes into isolation and hides. My statistics from real life experience is that 87% find that isolation and comfort right on social media. Whether they use their real name or another, someone will embrace them. They will find someone on Facebook, MySpace or chat rooms. It is open 24/7 and when you reach out someone is always reaching right back for you.

Social Media is like Crack Cocaine. It is addictive. We need no longer speak on the telephone when we can simply text to one another unknown what and who is on the other side speaking to a very well versed ‘groomer’ to an unknown often times desperate and defenseless child. Texting is so prevalent and most are guilty young and old that it is outlawed in most states. However, the place where you find the most of dealers are on social media. Drugs and sex are the two highest commodities out there in the world. They are like bread and butter and synonymous for the Drugs Cartels and Prostitution. go hand in hand

Whether you at whom or out in public on a mobile device, the social media drug and the desire to communicate via wireless technology has taken over. Intimate communication no longer exists in families where predators are lying in wake for their next victim. This is fishing.

In today’s age, sexual exploitation of children, ages 4 to adulthood is prevalent and found everywhere. Although the Internet did not create child predators, it has significantly increased the opportunities predators have to meet victims while minimizing detection. They can communicate with children anonymously through instant messaging, social networking sites, chat rooms, message boards, and yes, even cell phones.

Online predators do not fit any one mold or stereotype; seemingly upstanding citizens have been caught enticing children for sexual acts. Contrary to popular belief, most only predators are not pedophiles. Pedophiles target pre-pubescent children, while only predators typically target adolescents who engage in risky online behavior.

Adolescents are curious and are always looking to explore certainly for their own sexuality and the predator mindset in attuned to this.

The Internet has a lot to offer children, but it is a threatening place with predators lurking around every corner. Approx. 1 in 4 children are sexually solicited online, and one in 30 children are aggressively pursued by predators. The most dangerous places are chat rooms, where a high percentage of these incidents occur, and instant messenger, where a quarter of these incidents occur.

Predators use the anonymity of the Internet to quickly create an intimate relationship with their victims. Even kids who consider themselves web-savvy can be persuaded to give up personal identifying information once they feel they “trust a person.” This act of building trust with a potential victim is called grooming. It usually starts out with flattering comments and sympathetic chat about the child’s life and then it escalates from there.

Predators usually target young adolescents because kids in this age group are frequently insecure, exploring their sexuality, and moving away from the safety realm of their parents. These young teenagers are thus highly vulnerable to the attention and affection that online predators offer.

In Sex Trafficking, the Predator is an Actor working in organized crime who is paid thru the trafficker. The Actor usually young who can have as many as 100 profiles on Facebook and other social media will profile their prey and groom them. Once they are groomed, the target (child) are offered a reward related to the finality of the profile and the grooming. An example of this observed often is a 16-year-old girl who is offered a modeling job in a big city like Los Angles, New York or Atlanta. The Actor who has already established explicit trust with the child will arrange all travel with the child to an agreed upon city/destination. The fantasy in place, the child travel itinerary is given. And secrecy is instilled with a date and time stamp.

TThe actor will then deliver the child over to the Trafficker who will already have that target induced with an intoxicant with a known destination in mind. At that point, her name and identity are taken and lost forever unless someone intervenes, or the abductor makes a mistake.

The government of this country and prevalent in countries such as Mexico, Thailand, Philippines, etc. The United States y have aware of it like Terrorist groups and organized crimes but what if anything have they done about it?

In fact, while on topic, is it not a god given FACT that corruption exists on the very foundation of government? How many lives were lost and effected by the very trade off of convicted serial killers, terrorists, war criminals and a host of other known parasites for the shift of power. At what cost and at what level will our government go to the cost of innocent and victims of our society.

I was asked to come before you to talk about my expertise on Profiling

What does social media give you to the world but predominately to a predator out fishing for the day, so he/she knows what bait to bring:

Your full name
Your address sometimes
City. State zip
SS #
Passport
Google map – can see your house- cars in driveway – pool, bikes, etc.
Where you went to school and where you go to school
Where you are going to school – from there what else can he/she find? Everything! Classmates, teachers, sports teams, debate club, etc. get a copy of your year book
Date of birth- once they have that – your whole life just opened up!
Knows all your friends and family members- can friend any of them to better know you or can target your BFF too. More friends – more targets- and trafficked children
Where you are employed
See you online
Chat leads to a one-on-one meeting

There is so many statistics given by private organizations and the government of how many children go missing every 7 minutes, every day, every year. If we spent as much time and energy focusing on these facts and statistics to raise these numbers as we would for educating investigators and thousands of people who are desperate to have the skills and techniques affording them the luxury to not only hear their cries but to reach out and touch their hands and bring them back home.

Most of these children before they get to psychotic episodes are simply looking for the escape. Without it, these episodes heighten, often in death.

The behavior found a circle of trust (miscreants) who she believed her true friends there. Soon, her network on her profile began to build and a once languished profile of only 2 was now nurturing with over 150 “friends”

One boy started communicating with Jessica more and more calling her Jess. He knew that she liked yellow, kittens and bunnies. He asked questions about her and she was not nervous but seduced. The seduction is the trafficker, but she believed that she would have real caring parents and to live in a multi-family home in his household in rural Armenia where she was offered a lucrative job by a woman visiting his village. It was promised that she would be the nanny to an Armenian family living in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and she would earn enough to send remittances home that would provide for her children, her parents, and her many siblings.

Instead, Armine was trafficked into prostitution in the UAE, where she became pregnant, was arrested, and ended up delivering her baby in prison. Her family was ostracized by their community after it was discovered that Armine was working as a prostitute. They managed to arrange for her repatriation to Armenia, where she entered a shelter for victims of trafficking operated by the United Methodist Committee on Relief (UMCOR), but her family would not accept Armine or her new baby back into their lives. Not until UMCOR intervened, supporting Armine’s reintegration and helping to bring healing to this troubled family.

Armine’s story, while tragic, is not unique. Reintegration of survivors of human trafficking into their home countries, communities, and families of origin can be one of the most challenging and troubling processes faced by people who have already faced insufferable hardship. In cases like Armine’s, a family may experience shame and derision because of what their loved one has been through, as if he or she was a criminal rather than a victim. In other cases, a survivor may have been trafficked by a community member, a neighbor or relative, and his or her safety may continue to be at risk upon returning home. Each case is unique and requires great care and analysis to ensure successful reintegration.

Through the “Shelter Assistance for Victims of Trafficking” project, UMCOR’s Armenia country office offers a comprehensive package of assistance to survivors of human trafficking in Armenia. Survivors are provided with medical assistance, legal services, psychological support, and vocational training while residing in a secure and comfortable environment during their rehabilitation. The length of time that each survivor resides in the shelter is based solely on need. Striving for successful rehabilitation and reintegration, UMCOR’s shelter staff works with individual survivors and their families and community members to ensure that the return to society will be safe, healthy, and sustainable. After reintegration, survivors continue to access support through UMCOR’s shelter staff, as staff members become like family, with the shelter often serving as a survivor’s most supportive home.

Armine’s return to her community was a successful one. Over time, people in the village changed their opinion about Armine and the struggles that she and her family faced. When her daughter was married several years after her reintegration, the community celebrated Armine and her daughter, the tragedy of her victimization now a part of the past.

Children are always findings avenues for retreat as do adults. In this world of technology and the way the world has evolved, the threat, refinery, cultivation and criminal activity of human and sex trafficking changes with the passages of time and evolves just like everything else.

The predator mindset adapted itself and found new avenues due to the advent of technology. This gave the predator many more doors to explore. No longer did the predatory need to walk or drive the streets of main stream America or the parks or street corners of the world seeking out their next victim. Victimization as we know today is prevalent everywhere. Not so much different than Terrorism it appears to be a losing battle it has proven to be more effective over time and harder to fight. Governments around the world also tends to ignore problems like these and were made more readily available to them which provoked no sensitivity or action.

Often in war conflicted zones, human trafficking will hold a philosophy of threat, solicit, and enter the world of sex trafficking or forced labor.

BACKPAGE.COM

Backpage’s Sales Director Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy

contr. LISA MARIE SEGARRA

Government-seized website Backpage.com’s sales director Dan Hyer pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges for giving free advertising to sex workers in order to keep them off completing platforms.

The plea deal, reported by the Associated Press, means federal prosecutors will drop the 50 charges of facilitating prostitution and 17 money laundering against Hyer, who now faces up to five years in prison and a maximum fine of $250,000. Hyer is scheduled for sentencing on Nov. 19.

Hyer is the second Backpage employee to plead guilty. CEO Carl Ferrer also pleaded guilty to a separate federal conspiracy case in Arizona and state money laundering charges in California. The six remaining defendants have pleaded not guilty.

Hyer said that the ad conspiracy involved copying Craigslist’s adult section ads, posting the copied ad on Backpage, and then offering the lister a free ad, AP reported. He added that some of the ads were also illegal because they linked to outside websites showing ratings for the sex workers. BackPage was a classifieds site that included ads for sex work. The website was issued multiple warnings its sex work ads. However it still as predominant today, just in direct language to bait the hook and reel them in.

Backpage’s Sales Director Pleads Guilty to Conspiracy

Human Trafficking, a sense-less crime most often times results in murders, drug addiction, assaults, confinement, thanks to the likes of social media.

Government-seized website Backpage.com’s sales director Dan Hyer pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges for giving free advertising to sex workers in order to keep them off completing platforms.

Backpage was a classifieds site that included ads for sex work. The website was issued multiple warnings regarding its sex work ads.

Dan Hyer pleaded guilty to conspiracy charges for giving free advertising to sex workers in order to keep them off completing platforms.

Backpage was a classifieds site that included ads for sex work. The website was issued multiple warnings regarding its sex work ads.

Recently in the news, the mayor of Gary, Karen Freeman-Wilson, spoke last Monday after the bodies of seven women, including an Afrikka Hardy, who met her suspected killer through Backpage.com, were found in north-western Indiana. classified service website Backpage.com has come under renewed scrutiny over its use by sex offenders just as it fights a lawsuit in the supreme court of Washington state.

Police in Indiana said Darren Vann, a registered sex offender suspected of multiple murders, met his latest alleged victim through Backpage.

Vann, 43, was charged on Monday with murdering Afrikka Hardy, 19, who was found strangled at a motel in Hammond, near Chicago. The former marine has confessed to killing seven women and has hinted at more victims over a 20-year span, police said.

The investigation renewed controversy over Backpage as the state supreme court in Washington prepared to hear arguments on Tuesday in a case filed by three sex trafficking victims who say the website helps promote child exploitation.

Lawyers for the three girls said they were sold as prostitutes in advertisements on the adult services section of the site.

A second, separate federal case against the site was filed in Boston last week.

Backpage described the lawsuits as an attempt at censorship and cited the Communications Decency Act, saying it provides immunity from the activities of its members or users.

Activists rejected that defense. “It needs to be shut down immediately,” said Taina Bien-Aimé, executive director of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women (CATW).

The cases in Indiana and Washington shared a common thread, she said. “It’s violence against women. Backpage is facilitating the trafficking of human beings – the exploitation of women and children who are being commodified and bought and sold.”

The website did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Backpage became a leading destination for sex service advertisements after its rival Craigslist bowed to pressure from campaigners and shut down its own adult services section in 2010.

Backpage’s adult services section generated at least $28.9m in 2012, according to media consultant estimates, a significant revenue source for its owner, Village Voice Media.

Pressure mounted on the site after a handful of grisly murders in Michigan and South Carolina were found to have common: the victims, all young women, had posted on the website.

A boycott from advertisers such as American Airlines prompted the publishing group to separate its controversial cash cow from the Village Voice, a weekly New York paper, and 12 sister publications, including the LA Weekly. They were brought under a new company, Village Media Group.

Backpage’s owner, Village Voice Media, which is based in Phoenix, Arizona, cited the Communications Decency Act in its attempt to have the suit thrown out of the supreme court in Washington.

A lawyer for Backpage.com, Jim Grant told the state supreme court that Backpage did not create the ads that allegedly caused harm so they can’t be held liable.

Backpage lie Craigslist and even Facebook are the biggest pimps on the Internet.

Backpage and Craigslist always face lawsuits but either prevail outside or inside a courtroom. Facebook seems to have immunity from justice simply because of human ignorance.

Kidnapping, Violence, Torture and even Murder dominates the growth of human trafficking.

“Cartels have moved into the human-smuggling business, imprisoning would-be border crossers, charging high rates, or requiring border crossers to act as drug mules or prostitutes … The former Wachovia Bank (now Wells Fargo), Bank of America, and Western Union all made or continue to make millions from drug money collected in the U.S. and sent or laundered back to Mexico … General Dynamics, Motorola and Raytheon are doing well by the (human trafficking prompted) border security build-up.” – The Washington Spectator, July 1, 2014

“The crime syndicate called ‘Ndrangheta provides the children used in the sacrificial killings in Holland, the ones I witnessed, including the human hunting parties. It’s called “The Octopus” in Holland. They are deeply involved in human trafficking thanks to their control of the police and politicians”. – Testimony of “Josephine”, retired lawyer and eyewitness, given in a deposition to the International Common Law Court of Justice, Brussels, June 2014

“The ‘Ndrangheta is a Mafia style criminal organization in Italy, having replaced the old-style Cosa Nostra. ‘Ndrangheta is currently the most powerful and richest criminal organization in Italy and possibly Europe, with an estimated annual revenue of at least 53 billion Euros ($72 billion US), gained from drug trafficking, extortion and money laundering”. – Wikipedia.org

Crime pays: that’s why it continues. And nothing pays as well as selling human beings, especially children.

Child trafficking isn’t just some sick illness: it’s a global, profitable business. And this simple fact is too often overlooked by the scramble to blame evil individuals, whether “Lizard-like Royals” or child-raping priests and popes, for the systematic slaughter of vast numbers of innocents.

The details of that global industry have surfaced, almost accidentally, during the Brussels-based International Common Law Court trial of “Pope Francis” Jorge Bergoglio and others for child trafficking.

Commenced as a prosecution of the Catholic and Anglican church leaders for their documented involvement in harming children or aiding those who do, the Brussels case has since May unearthed considerable inside information on the corporate cartels that provide children for rape, torture and killing: and on their ties to the men presently under indictment by the Court.

Last month, I was contacted by a retired Dutch lawyer whose former husband is a member of the criminal syndicate that provides the children and adolescents who are used in ritualistic “hunting parties” in Belgium. I’ll call her Josephine. We’ve spoken three times on skype, and her recorded statements are now in the archives of the International Common Law Court of Justice.

According to Josephine, her ex-husband and other members of “The Octopus” – the local slang term for Ndrangheta, today’s born-again Mafia – provided ten children and adolescents who were hunted down and killed, and then mutilated, by wealthy men in forests near Oudergem, Belgium, in the spring of 2000 and 2004.

“I was there, I saw the whole thing. I was told they were kids from the juvenile detention centers in Brussels. They were let loose naked in the forest and hunted down and shot. The killers included Prince Frisco of Holland and his wife’s friend, the billionaire George Soros, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte, and Prince Albert of Belgium. After they shot down the young ones they cut off the boys’ penises and held them up like trophies, cheering and applauding.”

While confirmed by other insiders, these grisly accounts can distract from the bigger story and motives behind the crime. The ‘Ndrangheta syndicate, for example, obtains its child fodder through its deep involvement with the child-snatching roman catholic church and top Vatican officials. According to Matteo Macceo, a Radical Party member of the Italian Parliament,

“The modern Mafia are the same people who run the catholic church and the Italian government. They’re indistinguishable, they’re all in the same club. And their main concern is their assets, which come from organized crime: drugs, and arms dealing, and human trafficking.” (from a statement to the author made in Rome, April 2010)

The Catholic church is clearly the largest baby trafficker in human history, making billions each year by selling catholic newborns to orphanages, foster agencies and undisclosed parties. In Spain alone, 300,000 children were trafficked by the church between 1940 and 1980, reaping over $20 billion. (See ICLCJ testimony of Antonio Barrero). And the present under-indictment Pope Francis himself organized such a marketing of children of more than 30,000 Argentine political prisoners during his stint as front man for the military junta there in the 1970′s and ’80′s. (ICLCJ testimony of Witness No. 32)

This official slave trade ties in directly to criminal groups like ‘Ndrangheta, which often provides the outlets for catholic trafficking, selling the babies through syndicate-controlled safe houses and providing political and legal protection to their Vatican associates.

“For every single child raping priest or baby-dealing nun, there are ten other people protecting them, greasing the wheels, making the payoffs to keep it all working smoothly and hidden from view. And ‘Ndrangheta keeps rearing its ugly head in this whole business” stated a member of the Brussels Court’s Prosecutor’s Office, which is conducting the case against Jorge Bergoglio and others.

And yet even ‘Ndrangheta is itself part of a bigger global cartel specializing in a vast modern human slave trade financed by major banks tied in through their routine laundering of drug money for the mob. These banks include Bank of America, J.P. Morgan and HSBC, which recently admitted to laundering over $2 billion in drug money for Mexican crime syndicates.

This economic empire, in which drugs and human trafficking are so intimately bound, is reinforced politically by the continual use of child prostitution by domestic spy agencies to blackmail and control politicians and leaders. “The CIA admitted their vested interest in child trafficking in their 2008 disclosure that since the Vietnam War they have operated child prostitution ‘entrapment rings” to snare their congressional opponents, in Bangkok and Seoul” (Rock Creek Free Press, Washington).

All told, the recent exposure of royal and church involvement in child sacrificial rituals seems yet another tip in the proverbial iceberg of crimes in high places. But the fact of the common presence of ‘Ndrangheta in so many of these crimes against children, and that syndicate’s own direct ties to the Vatican, has given new impetus to the prosecution of Pope Francis and others who, like the Nazi defendants at Nuremberg, are symbolic of an entire system of corruption and death that must come down.

http://facts.randomhistory.com/human-trafficking-facts.html

Offender profiling, also known as criminal profiling, is a behavioral and investigative tool that is intended to help investigators to accurately predict and profile the characteristics of unknown criminal subjects or offenders.[1]Offender profiling is also known as criminal profiling, criminal personality profiling, criminological profiling, behavioral profiling or criminal investigative analysis. Geographic profiling is another method to profile an offender. Television shows such as Law & Order: Criminal Intent, Profiler in the 1990s, the 2005 television series Criminal Minds, the 2011 one season television series Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior, and the 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs have lent many names to what the FBI calls “criminal investigative analysis”.

Holmes and Holmes (2002) outline the three main goals of criminal profiling:

· The first is to provide law enforcement with a social and psychological assessment of the offender;

· The second goal is to provide law enforcement with a “psychological evaluation of belongings found in the possession of the offender” (p. 10);

· The third goal is to give suggestions and strategies for the interviewing process.[2]

Ainsworth (2001) identified that there are four main approaches to offender profiling:

· The geographical approach, in which the patterns are analyzed in regard to timing and location of the crime scene, in order to determine where the offender lives and works

· Investigative psychology, this approach focuses on the use of psychological theories of analysis to determine the characteristics of the offender by looking at the presented offending behavior and style of offense

· The typical approach looks at the specific characteristics of the crime scene to then categorize the offender according to the various ‘typical’ characteristics

· The clinical approach to offender profiling in which the understanding of psychiatry and clinical psychology is used to determine whether the offender is suffering from mental illness of various psychological abnormalities[3]

Procedural steps in generating a profile:

· 1. A thorough analysis of the type/nature of the criminal act is made and it is then compared to the types of people who have committed similar crimes in the past

· 2. An in-depth analysis of the actual crime scene is made

· 3. The victim’s background and activities are analyzed, to look for possible motives and connections

· 4. The possible factors for the motivation of the crime are analyzed

· 5. The description of the possible offender is developed, founded on the detected characteristics, which can be compared to with previous cases[4]

In modern criminology, offender profiling is generally considered the “third wave” of investigative science:

· the first wave was the study of clues, pioneered by Scotland Yard in the 19th century;

· the second wave was the study of crime itself (frequency studies and the like);

· this third wave is the study of the psyche of the criminal.

DEFINITIONS

Offender profiling is a method of identifying the perpetrator of a crime based on an analysis of the nature of the offense and the manner in which it was committed. Various aspects of the criminal’s personality makeup are determined from his or her choices before, during, and after the crime.[5] This information is combined with other relevant details and physical evidence, and then compared with the characteristics of known personality types and mental abnormalities to develop a practical working description of the offender.

Psychological profiling may be described as a method of suspect identification which seeks to identify a person’s mental, emotional, and personality characteristics (as manifested in things done or left at the crime scene).[6] This was used in the investigation of the serial murders committed by Ted Bundy. Dr. Richard B. Jarvis, a psychiatrist with expertise on the criminal mind, predicted the age range of Bundy, his sexual psychopathy, and his above average intellect.[7]

A further, more detailed example of how psychological profiling may be performed is the investigation of Gary Leon Ridgway, also known as the Green River Killer. This case also demonstrates the potential for incorrect predictions. John E. Douglas, an investigator who worked for the FBI, provided a twelve-page profile, which stated the suspect was:

· Probably a white male who had a dysfunctional relationship with women.

· Organized since he tried to hide the bodies and appeared to spend some time at the river

· Cunning in using rocks to weigh the victims down in the water to conceal them.

· Very mobile with a vehicle.

· Going to kill again.

· Like other serial killers, he would be prone to contacting police wanting to elp in the investigations.[8]

However, the profile created for Ridgway also revealed characteristics that did not apply to him, such as being an outdoorsman and being incapable of closeness to other people.[9] Ridgway was not an outdoorsman, but frequented the Green River with one of his wives, and also had a very close relationship with his last wife, which contradicted the point in the profile of being incapable of closeness.

One type of criminal profiling is referred to as linkage analysis. Gerard N. Labuschagne (2006) defines linkage analysis as “a form of behavioral analysis that is used to determine the possibility of a series of crimes as having been committed by one offender.” Gathering many aspects of the offender’s crime pattern such as modus operandi, ritual or fantasy-based behaviors exhibited, and the signature of the offender help to establish a basis for a linkage analysis. An offender’s modus operandi is his or her habits or tendencies during the killing of the victim. An offender’s signature is the unique similarities in each of his or her kills. Mainly, linkage analysis is used when physical evidence, such as DNA, cannot be collected.

Labuschagne states that in gathering and incorporating these aspects of the offender’s crime pattern, investigators must engage in five assessment procedures: (1) obtaining data from multiple sources; (2) reviewing the data and identifying significant features of each crime across the series; (3) classifying the significant features as either MO and/or ritualistic; (4) comparing the combination of MO and ritual/fantasy-based features across the series to determine if a signature exists; and (5) compiling a written report highlighting the findings.

An example can help to illustrate this process. David Canter, a leading investigative psychologist (he prefers this term to ‘profiler’) was approached by the police to help in an investigation into a series of rapes and murders in London in the mid-1980s.

Using the information on the crimes supplied by the police, Canter applied psychological principles to suggest where the offender was living (in the first three attacks), the type of job he did (semi-skilled labor, possibly connected to the railways), the sort of social life he had (a loner with only one or two close males friends) and his history of offending. Canter’s profile allowed the police to review their list of suspects and priorities John Duffy for further investigation. He was placed under observation and subsequently arrested, charged, tried and convicted.

Canter’s profile proved to be remarkably accurate. It is important to note, however, that the profile was not used to prove that Duffy was the attacker; its contribution to the case was to help the police narrow down their list of thousands of suspects and to target their subsequent investigations more effectively. Canter’s approach to profiling represents one of four main approaches to offender profiling identified by Ainsworth (2001). These are:

• The geographical approach – this looks at patterns in the location and timing of offences to make judgements about links between crimes and suggestions about where offenders live and work.

• Investigative psychology – this grew out of geographical profiling and uses established psychological theories and methods of analysis to predict offender characteristics from offending behavior.

• The typological approach – this involves looking at the characteristics of crime scenes to assign offenders to different categories, each category of offender having different typical characteristics.

• The clinical approach – this approach uses insights from psychiatry and clinical psychology to aid investigation where an offender is thought to be suffering from a mental illness of other psychological abnormality.

There is considerable debate about which of these approaches is the most effective way of profiling offenders and, indeed, whether psychological profiling have anything useful to offer at all. There is also, an ongoing debate about whether offender profiling is an art or a science and the extent to which a scientific approach to offender profiling is possible.

Millions of children are being preyed upon.

Over 100,000 U.S. children every year are forcefully engaged in prostitution or pornography.

The UN estimates that nearly 4,000,000 individuals are trafficked each year, with a disproportionate number of children and women in the sex trade.

UNICEF estimates that as many as 50% of all trafficking victims worldwide are children and that as many as two thirds of those children are at some point forced into the sex trade. Two children are SOLD every minute.

Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children are tricked, kidnapped, sold or extorted each year across international borders and are sold into bondage or service. It is estimated that between 600,000 and 800,000 people each year are trafficked across those borders.

Human trafficking brings in nearly $10 billion dollars a year– the third highest volume for a criminal enterprise. Of that $10 billion, $4 billion is estimated to be directly related to the brothel industry and sex trafficking.

Cambodia is known to have one of the highest rates of child sex trafficking in the world. This is where one of our partner organizations, Daughters Cambodia, is based. Here you can find brothels on virtually every block and street corner. Oftentimes brothels are the hidden work behind “massage” parlors.

Victims of sex trafficking are frequently beaten, raped or even killed for any reason. Child victims have high mortality rates due to the poor treatment they receive.

Trafficking is nothing short of modern day slavery; a violation of every human’s rights.

Something must be done.

This subject is not pretty, and it is not to be taken lightly. For too long its ugly head has been hidden in the dark or ignored.

Our hearts break for these men, women, and children. We don’t want to turn a blind eye to this injustice. We want to shine a bright light on what is going on and provide ways to do something about it!

Join us in saving and helping to restore the lives of these innocent victims.

Visit our shop and purchase a t-shirt that will support the anti-sex trafficking work that our partners are doing in Cambodia. We also have handmade merchandise that the women of Daughters have created and everything you buy helps support them and their families.

The Impact of Human Trafficking

We all know that Human trafficking has long been a tremendous issue in terms of human rights, but it WAS so hard to combat due to the underground, extremely protective nature of those who engage in it. Tracking down traffickers is as hard as gauging their impact on a society and culture.

Awareness and analysis on statistics by just about any government, law enforcement agency, public organization, non-for-profit is certainly identifying the problem but exactly what is it doing to offer rea-world solutions?

Non-profit organizations such as UNICEF and UNESCO invest vast enormous amounts of resources into the evaluation, analysis, and data on human trafficking from the world’s governments.

We all know that with all this research that human trafficking has taken multiple forms more visible and now open to exploited victims in many areas of criminal enterprise.

Human Trafficking Statistics

As we know and have known now with the rise i=f awareness, statistics are like opinions, everyone has them. Whether they are manufactured or plagiarized, the mainstream is that hundreds of thousands do go missing every year, some of them make it home, some so alive some dead. Some are never fund, most remain mystery but for a good part, a good portion are out there with a lost identity and as family not known to them. they need to be rescued and brought back not just to their families but back to a world that will give them therapy from the horrific human condition they escaped from.

Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children are tricked, kidnapped or extorted each year into being taken across international borders and sold into bondage or service. It is estimated that between 600,000 and 800,000 people each year are trafficked across those borders for a total of nearly $10 billion – the third highest volume for a criminal enterprise. Of that $10 billion, $4 billion is estimated to be directly related to the brothel industry and sex trafficking – the primary target of most investigations into this practice.

These numbers are not specific because human trafficking is hard to track and even harder to stop. Secretive processes and threats on the victims or their family’s lives can leave no trail of their disappearance or travels, making it all but impossible to know where they disappeared to.

The United States alone will have between 15,500 and 18,000 individuals trafficked across its borders each year according to the Department of Justice, and nearly 200,000 US citizens trafficked within those own borders – mostly children being bought and sold in the sex industry. In fact, of the nearly 800,000 people trafficked each year, 70% of them are estimated to be woman and 50% of them are children, with a large percentage of those being forced into the sex trade.

The largest single source of human trafficking into the United States is East Asia where 5,000-7,000 victims originate each year. Latin America and Eastern Europe are nearly as problematic with 3,000-6,000 victims trafficked into the United States each year.

And while these are the numbers provided by the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security, some estimate that they could be significantly higher, with as many as 60,000 victims trafficked into the United States each year and held against their will.

When speaking internationally, UNESCO has prepared a data sheet that illustrates the worldwide estimates of trafficking. When taking domestic trafficking into account (those forced into service that are not transported across international borders), the UN estimates that nearly 4,000,000 individuals are trafficked each year, with a disproportionate number of children and women in the sex trade.

These estimates vary wildly, with some organizations pegging the number lower and others higher, but the sad truth remains that men, women and children around the globe are taken from their homes, forced into servitude and mistreated every year, often with threats of violence to themselves or their families.

Who Falls Victim to Human Trafficking?

The most common form of human trafficking is the sex trade, where children and women are taken across borders and held in captivity to be sold for sex. Children are especially susceptible to this form of human trafficking due to high orphan rates in third world and developing countries. UNICEF estimates that as many as 50% of all trafficking victims worldwide are children and that as many as two thirds of those children are at some point forced into the sex trade. Children may also be forced into slavery or very low pay labor at an age when most kids would be playing kickball and watching cartoons.

While child sex trafficking is an issue in many nations, it has been brought to attention most prominently in Brazil and Thailand. The Protection Project report estimates that between 250,000 and 500,000 children currently live as prostitutes in Brazil with other sources citing it as high as 2 million. In Thailand, the problem is even more severe. Other countries cited by leading international organizations as having particularly bad records in child sex trafficking include Cambodia, Mexico and India.

While children are generally taken from the street and forced into servitude, adults are often tricked or extorted into being taken advantage of. For example, men and women from eastern Asia are often promised work in the United States and then transported across international borders illegally (and often inhumanely). They will then be forced to work long hours, live in cramped quarters and be threatened with exposure or even death if they try to leave.

In some cases, the family members of trafficking victims will be held hostage or at least threatened to keep the trafficking victim from attempting to escape. Men’s families might be threatened repeatedly to keep them working for nothing or nearly nothing in a distant country where their wages will never afford them the ability to leave. In other cases, traffickers will hold their victims against the “cost” of being transported. The debt will remain in effect for months or years, effectively turning them into indentured servants against their will. Drugs are also known to play a part in human trafficking, used to weaken victims and create addict’s incapable or unwilling to escape.

Living as a Trafficking Victim

Victims of human trafficking are often weakened individuals with low self-esteem, fear, or obligations that force them to continuously work or perform for the men and women who take advantage of them. They are often kept out of sight to avoid being caught and are rarely let out of the site of their keepers – effectively making them into human slaves.

Trafficking victims may be beaten, raped, or even killed for any reason and children victims have high mortality rates due to the poor treatment they receive at the hands of their captors. Most often, economic disparity and poor living conditions create a hot bed of poor individuals who cannot protect themselves or who attempt to create a better life for themselves and their families by submitting to the will of their captors.

Dealing with Human Trafficking

It has been hard to establish international laws that protect individuals from human trafficking. In 2000, the Trafficking and Violence Protection Act was passed by the United States and later adopted by nations around the globe. To date, however, only the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and a select number of other nations have fully adopted these standards to reduce and hopefully stop this heinous act. Many nations are in Tier 2 of adoption, working to integrate new protections that will ensure children and women, as well as men are all protected against trafficking. Yet, there remain several countries that have either refused or been unable to take up any of the maxims of the new laws. These countries continue to see the highest rates of human trafficking and exploitation.

In 2007, the UN. GIFT (United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking) was established with an international coalition of nations intent on stopping the spread of human trafficking. Organizations such as the ILO, UNICEF, IOM, OHCHR, and OSCE have all signed on to carry out the goals of the UN. GIFT initiative. The purpose is to coordinate efforts on an international level to stop human trafficking, rather than on a national level where some nations simply don’t have the resources or desire to combat the problem. With greater protections and stronger prosecution, the hope is that the UN. GIFT will not only deter but help to catch the criminals who would barter in human flesh.

Resources on Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking is an international dilemma that affects millions of men, women, and children every year. With so many nations and individuals striving to combat the impact of this horrendous crime, resources have been growing rapidly in the last decade. To learn more about human trafficking and what is being done to stop it, you can visit the sites of organizations like UNESCO, UNICEF, and Amnesty International. The United States Department of Justice also has a series of individual resources aimed at helping to better understand the grave threat so many faces, and the United Nations GIFT initiative can be read more about at www.UNGift.org. While so many are striving to make sure no more children or women are sold into slavery, there is still a real problem out there and the only way to combat it is to educate yourself and those around you. There are actions we can take now that will save the less fortunate tomorrow.

SOLUTIONS?

Cellular Companies Accountability Act

You cannot possibly attack existence before they go offline or deleted. They do not appear on an invoice. If a crime is committed sometimes a text can be found if it contemptuous in nature. Predators know that texting is a good form of communication but prefer chatting online or talking off a go phone or better known as a pre-paid throwaway. There is no tracking of the calls and pinging is not a solution for authorities or other investigators.

If we had phones that had a parental control on the phones that limited their children’s cell phone likened to television programming and could also only allow texts from friends and relatives they parents knew, that would be part of the solution.

PROFILING

Criminal Science Behavior came into play when the playbook from the Academy ran out of pages. Criminal science does not proffer up to objectives as witness statements, canvassing of the neighborhood but the sociology and psychology of the criminal mindset.

Profiling most of the times can be an exact science in criminology in the examination of the predatory mind. Being in the private sector, law enforcement and the media religiously continue to consult with me to develop profiles of particularly difficult-to-catch offenders and cases that remain unsolved or deemed cold.

Nowadays profiling rests, sometimes uneasily, somewhere between law enforcement and psychology. It is a science, still relatively a new field with few set boundaries or definitions. My profiling rests on a series of methodologies rather than one terminology. The term “profiling” has caught on among the public, largely due to movies like “The Silence of the Lambs” and TV shows like Criminal Minds. The FBI calls its form of profiling “criminal investigative analysis”; One might call it criminal investigative psychology”; and another call it “crime action profiling.” I call it getting the job done.

Despite the different names, all these tactics share a common goal: to help investigators examine evidence from crime scenes and victim and witness reports to develop an offender description or Profile. The description can include psychological variables such as personality traits, psychopathologies and behavior patterns, as well as demographic variables such as age, race or geographic location. Investigators might use profiling to narrow down a field of suspects or figure out how to interrogate a suspect already in custody.

Profiling is still as much an art as a science most psychologist argue. In the more recent years, many psychologists–together with criminologists and law enforcement officials–have begun using psychology’s statistical and research methods to bring more science into the art.

How does profiling work?

Informal criminal profiling has a long history. It was used as early as the 1880s, when two physicians, George Phillips and Thomas Bond, used crime scene clues to make predictions about British serial murderer Jack the Ripper’s personality.

At the same time, profiling has taken root in the United States, where, until recent decades, profilers relied mostly on their own intuition and informal studies. Schlossberg, who developed profiles of many criminals, including David Berkowitz–New York City’s “Son of Sam”–describes the approach he used in the late 1960s and 70s: “What I would do,” he says, “is sit down and look through cases where the criminals had been arrested. I listed how old [the perpetrators] were, whether they were male or female, their level of education. Did they come from broken families? Did they have school behavioral problems? I listed as many factors as I could come up with, and then I added them up to see which were the most common.”

In 1974, the FBI formed its Behavioral Science Unit to investigate serial rape and homicide cases. From 1976 to 1979, several FBI agents–most famously John Douglas and Robert Ressler–interviewed 36 serial murderers to develop theories and categories of different types of offenders.

Most notably, they developed the idea of the “organized/disorganized dichotomy”: Organized crimes are premeditated and carefully planned, so little evidence is found at the scene. Organized criminals, according to the classification scheme, are antisocial but know right from wrong, are not insane and show no remorse. Disorganized crimes, in contrast, are not planned, and criminals leave such evidence as fingerprints and blood. Disorganized criminals may be young, under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or mentally ill.

Over the past quarter-century, the Behavioral Science Unit has further developed the FBI’s profiling process–including refining the organized/disorganized dichotomy into a continuum and developing other classification schemes.

The basic premise is that behavior reflects personality. Criminal Science Behavior in a crime scene differs from one that is a precedent before a crime occur such a crime stalker as seen in a movie like Time Cop, explains retired FBI agent Gregg McCrary. In a homicide case, for example, FBI agents glean insight into personality through questions about the murderer’s behavior at four crime phases:

· Antecedent: What fantasy or plan, or both, did the murderer have in place before the act? What triggered the murderer to act some days and not others?

· Method and manner: What type of victim or victims did the murderer select? What was the method and manner of murder: shooting, stabbing, strangulation or something else?

· Body disposal: Did the murder and body disposal take place all at one scene, or multiple scenes?

· Post offense behavior: Is the murderer trying to inject himself into the investigation by reacting to media reports or contacting investigators?

A rape case is analyzed in much the same way, but with the additional information that comes from a living victim. Everything about the crime, from the sexual acts the rapist forces on the victim to the order in which they’re performed, offers a clue about the perpetrator, McCrary says.

Psychology’s contributions

Although the FBI approach has gained public attention, some psychologists have questioned its scientific solidity. Ressler, Douglas and the other FBI agents were not psychologists, and some psychologists who looked at their work found methodological flaws.

Former FBI agent McCrary agrees that some of the FBI’s early research was rough: “Early on it was just a bunch of us [FBI agents] basing our work on our investigative experience,” he says, “and hopefully being right more than we were wrong.”

McCrary says he believes that they were right more than wrong, though, and emphasizes that FBI methods have improved since then. In the meantime, psychologists have also been helping to step up profiling’s scientific rigor. Some psychologists have been conducting their own criminal profiling research, and they’ve developed several new approaches:

· Offender profiling. Much of this work comes from applied psychologist David Canter, PhD, who founded the field of investigative psychology in the early 1990s and now runs the Centre for Investigative Psychology at the University of Liverpool.

Investigative psychology, Canter says, includes many areas where psychology can contribute to investigations–including profiling. The goal of investigative psychology’s form of profiling, like all profiling, is to infer characteristics of a criminal based on his or her behavior during the crime. But, Canter says, the key is that all those inferences should come from empirical, peer-reviewed research–not necessarily from investigative experience.

For example, Canter and his colleagues recently analyzed crime scene data from 100 serial homicides to test the FBI’s organized/disorganized model. Their results, which will be published in an upcoming issue of APA’s Psychology, Public Policy and Law, indicate that, in contrast to some earlier findings, almost all serial murderers show some level of organization.

Organized behaviors–like positioning or concealing a victim’s body–are the “core variables” that tend to show up most frequently and co-occur with other variables most often, he found. The differences between murderers, the researchers say, instead lie in the types of disorganized behaviors they exhibit. The study suggests that serial murderers can be divided into categories based on the way they interact with their victims: through sexual control, mutilation, execution or plunder.

Canter says that research like this, which uses the statistical techniques of psychology to group together types of offender behaviors, is the only way to develop scientifically defensible descriptions and classifications of offenders.

“Our approach,” he says, “is to consider all the information that may be apparent at the crime scene and to carry out theory-based studies to determine the underlying structures of that material.”

In another study, he and his colleagues collected crime scene data from 112 rape cases and analyzed the relationship among different crime scene actions–from what types of sexual acts the rapist demanded to whether he bound the victim. The researchers found that the types of sexual violation and physical assault did not distinguish rapists from each other; these were the core variables that occurred in most rape cases. Instead, what distinguished the rapists into categories were nonphysical interactions–things like whether they stole from or apologized to the victim.

Canter puts little faith in the investigative experience-derived offender descriptions developed by law-enforcement agents. As he sees it, psychologists need to work from the ground up to gather data and classify offenders in areas as various as arson, burglary, rape and homicide.

Crime action profiling. Forensic psychologist Richard Kocsis, PhD, and his colleagues have developed models based on large studies of serial murderers, rapists and arsonists that act as guides to profiling such crimes. The models, he says, are like the structured interviews clinical psychologists use to make clinical diagnoses. They come out of an Australian government-funded research program that Kocsis ran, in which he developed profiling methods in collaboration with police and fire agencies.

Now in private practice, Kocsis says crime action profiling models are rooted in knowledge developed by forensic psychologists, psychiatrists and criminologists. Part of crime action profiling also involves examining the process and practice of profiling.

“Everybody seems to be preoccupied with developing principles for profiling,” Kocsis explains. “However, what seems to have been overlooked is any systematic examination of how to compose a profile. What type of information do, or should, profiles contain? What type of case material do you need to construct a profile? How does the presence or absence of material affect the accuracy of a profile?”

He has studied, for example, whether police officers perceive the same profile to be more accurate and useful when they believe it was written by a professional profiler rather than a layperson.

Kocsis agrees that the future of profiling lies in more empirically based research. He also believes, though, that just as some clinicians are better than others, there is also a skill element involved in profiling. Is profiling an art or a science? “Realistically, I think it is probably a bit of both,” he says.

The psychology-law enforcement relationship

Among those in the profiling field, the tension between law enforcement and psychology still exists to some degree. “The difference is really a matter of the FBI being more oriented towards investigative experience than [academic psychologists] are,” says retired FBI agent McCrary.

“But,” he adds, “it’s important to remember that we’re all working toward the same thing.”

In recent years, the FBI has begun to work closely with many forensic psychologists–in fact, it employs them. Psychologist Stephen Band, PhD, is the chief of the Behavioral Science Unit, and clinical forensic psychologist Anthony Pinizzotto, PhD, is one of the FBI’s chief scientists.

The unit also conducts research with forensic psychologists at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York. One recent collaborative study, for example, looked at the relationship between burglaries and certain types of sexual offenses–whether specific aspects of a crime scene differed in incidents that began as a burglary and ended in a sexual offense, as opposed to crimes that began as a sexual offense but included theft. Police looking at the first type of crime might want to look for convicted burglars in the area, Pinizzotto explains. The study will be published in an upcoming issue of Sex Offender Law Report, published by the Civic Research Institute.

One of the FBI’s collaborators at John Jay College is Gabrielle Salfati, PhD, a graduate of the Centre for Investigative Psychology. “Whenever we do research, we try to bring in as many varied points of view as possible,” Pinizzotto says. “Gabrielle Salfati’s expertise on the statistical aspects of evaluating crime scenes is a great contribution.”

More recently, the unit has also begun to collaborate with forensic psychologists at Marymount University in Arlington, Va.–another indication that law enforcement and psychology will continue to work together.

“I think,” says Band, “that there is an incredible value added when applications of professional psychology enter into the mix of what we do.”

I am a dear friend and colleague of Dr. Jay Kobilinksy who is the Chair of John Jay. We have made numerous TV appearances together over the past 24 years covering hundreds of cases as a criminologist and profiler.

About the author: Scott Bernstein is the CEO of Global Security International LLC headquartered in the Research Triangle of North Carolina. He has extensive experience as a Counterterrorist Consultant, International Apprehension Operative, Human & Sex Trafficking Expert and a Military and Law Enforcement Trainer. He is available as a Consultant and as a Speaker. In addition to his LinkedIn profile, you can also interact with Scott on his LinkedIn group http://bit.ly/1LMp2hj.

Scott Bernstein is the founder and director of Child Recovery International (CRI). They implement unconventional techniques such as criminal profiling, victimology, behavioral Psychology, Neuro-Psychology, pre-text art and expert skip tracing. To recover a missing and exploited child, you can reach them at 984-235-4816 or in writing at usahunt@aol.com. LinkedIn members get up to a free half-hour consultation.

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